Motivaciones para la posición variable del sujeto en guaraní paraguayo
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Belloro, Valeria A.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas
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Se considera al guaraní paraguayo como una lengua con orden básico SVO, aunque flexible en virtud de motivaciones discursivas. En un estudio de corpus de narrativas, Tonhauser & Colijn (2010) muestran que los sujetos se distribuyen de manera equitativa entre la posición pre y postverbal, aunque sin lograr identificar motivaciones claras para este patrón. En este trabajo retomamos este punto llevando a cabo un análisis de narrativas desde un enfoque predominantemente inductivo y cualitativo. Así, encontramos que los sujetos postverbales corresponden a tres clases: i) emisores en oraciones de reporte de discurso directo, ii) antitópicos en contextos de ambigüedad referencial, y iii) referentes focales en oraciones presentativas. Puesto que solo los últimos pueden considerarse para un análisis de orden de constituyentes, la posición mayoritaria de los sujetos resulta ser la preverbal. Mostramos, asimismo, que los sujetos preverbales tienen menos restricciones en términos de la estructura informativa que admiten, lo que junto con su mayor frecuencia textual nos lleva a caracterizarlos como no marcados. Finalmente, esbozamos algunas implicancias diacrónicas y tipológicas de nuestros hallazgos.
Paraguayan Guarani is considered to have an SVO basic word order, albeit flexible by virtue of discourse motivations. In a study of narratives, Tonhauser & Colijn (2010) show that subjects are evenly distributed between the pre-and postverbal positions, but fail to identify clear motivations for this pattern. In this paper we address this issue by conducting an analysis of narratives from a predominantly inductive and qualitative viewpoint. We find that postverbal subjects fall into three classes: i) speakers of reporting sentences in direct speech, ii) antitopics in contexts of referential ambiguity, iii) focal referents in presentational sentences. Given that only the latter are valid for the analysis of constituent order, preverbal subjects are shown to outnumber postverbal ones. We also find that preverbal subjects have fewer information-structural restrictions, which along with their higher textual frequency leads us to characterize them as unmarked. Finally, we outline some diachronic and typological implications of our findings.
Paraguayan Guarani is considered to have an SVO basic word order, albeit flexible by virtue of discourse motivations. In a study of narratives, Tonhauser & Colijn (2010) show that subjects are evenly distributed between the pre-and postverbal positions, but fail to identify clear motivations for this pattern. In this paper we address this issue by conducting an analysis of narratives from a predominantly inductive and qualitative viewpoint. We find that postverbal subjects fall into three classes: i) speakers of reporting sentences in direct speech, ii) antitopics in contexts of referential ambiguity, iii) focal referents in presentational sentences. Given that only the latter are valid for the analysis of constituent order, preverbal subjects are shown to outnumber postverbal ones. We also find that preverbal subjects have fewer information-structural restrictions, which along with their higher textual frequency leads us to characterize them as unmarked. Finally, we outline some diachronic and typological implications of our findings.
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Califa, M., & Belloro, V. A. (2024). Motivaciones para la posición variable del sujeto en guaraní paraguayo. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 24, e024004-e024004.